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References

  1. Idris AH. Aramendi Ecenarro E. Leroux B. et al. Bag -Valve-Mask Ventilation and Survival From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Multicenter Study. Circulation. 2023:148(23):1847-1856. DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha. 123.065561.
  2. Grunau BE. Lee M. Buxton J. et al. The Association Between Bystander-Performed Chest Compression Strategy and Neurological Outcomes for Opioid-Associated and Undifferentiated Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. AHA Scientific Sessions and Resuscitation Science Symposium. Chicago. IL: Circulation; 2024: Abstract LBOr04

  3. Spaite DW. Bobrow BJ. Keim SM. et al. Association of Statewide Implementation of the Prehospital Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment Guidelines With Patient Survival Following Traumatic Brain Injury: The Excellence in Prehospital Injury Care (EPIC) Study. JAMA Surgery. 2019:154(7 ):el 91152-el91152.

  4. SafeBVM. Ventilation in Crisis Scenarios: Mass Casualties, Natural Disasters, Austere Environments. Live workshop poll results presented during a virtual session on the EMS World platform; October 31, 2024.
  5. Donoghue AJ, Auerbach M, Banerjee A, et al. Part 12: Resuscitation Education Science: 2025 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2025;152(suppl 2):S719-S750. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001374
  6. Berge NS, Smith J, Voinea A. A mixed methods study on the effectiveness and usability of real-time ventilation feedback devices in EMS. Poster presented at: National Association of EMS Educators (NAEMSE) Annual Conference; 2025; Orlando, FL
  7. Brady MF, Weber NK, Walker III R, et al. Feasibility of manual ventilation replacing mechanical ventilation. BMJ Innovations 2021;7.
  8. Kumar P et al. Manual Ventilation Performance in First Responders using a Flow-Rate Limiting Device. EMS World Expo. 2024
  9. NCBI. 2023. “Systems Approaches to Improving Patient Care.” Accessed January 6, 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK225188/. 2. ISMP Canada. 2023. “Hierarchy of Effectiveness.” Accessed January 6, 2025. https://ismpcanada.ca/resource/hierarchy-of-effectiveness/.